Pluralism of thought - religion, cultural preferences, lifestyle preferences, etcetera is a fact of modern life. All of these things are practically as ubiquitous and taxes, and if you take many of our cultural elites' word for it, far more real than death.
In re-reading Jaques Barzun's monstrously long treatise From Dawn to Decadence for the third time, I am once again struck by his scathing observation on the primary result of the Protestant REvolution in the intellectual history of the West. While Barzun is clear that Protestantism in not part destroyed 'religiosity', or even Christianity as a vibrant belief system, he observes that it did serve to destroy "that ancient solace of a single faith, universally agreed upon." After this came to lodge fully in our cultural conscience, pluralism and even universalism was a virtually guaranteed extension.
But what's the big deal? Shouldn't we be happy that the splintering of Christianity has afforded us so many alternatives? Shouldn't we thank these 'prophetic' figures for freeing us from the needed submission to a single, corrupt church?
My critique on this is in three parts, but with one major personal caveat about my own paradoxical involvement in this mixed blessing known as the Free Market of Ideas.
Firstly I believe whole-heartedly with Barzun's criticism that once the singularity of faith was no more that the door was opened for unmitigated preferential belongingness. As we know from capitalism, this consumer-friendly market, even if the goods are ideological rather than tangible, gives preferential treatment to soothing egos and placating popular desire. Religion quickly devolves away from what the learned, however corrupt, say it should be, and towards the Straussian axiom of the religion that is "whatever it needs to be" for people to more easily stomach it in their lives. Why submit to any ecclesiological discipline or censure if you can just move churches? Who cares if you're excommunicated if there's always a broader, more heterodox body that will gladly embrace your membership?
As Barzun contests, Protestantism, and the free market of denominational choices that has sprung from it, has led to religion being seen not as the better or worse attempt to live into an eternal standard that is mutually agreed upon, but rather as being one of the many "preferences" in peoples lives, "similar to their preferences in food". I cannot contradict him. I know of very few who genuinely see their faith as a given to be striven for and not a physical system to be challenged. People view religion as a general good, sort of like nutrition, but the particulars of a faith tradition are downplayed greatly.
Secondly, I question how much the Protestant ethos has really freed us. As Mel Gibson's character in the Patriot asked the Carolina parliament "why would we trade one tyrant a thousand miles away for a thousand tyrants one mile away?" Point taken. Whatever strangehold the papacy or Ecumenical Patriarch has ever exerted on Catholics in foreign lands, I do not believe it could possibly equal the disasterous effects of a corrupt local/congregational leadership that has enforcement powers.
Lastly, the idea didn't work. Protestantism is not, in its Reformational forms, structurally sound. The old Protestant churches did not say that there was no One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church. No, they kept that confession in their prayer books. Rather, they simply claimed to be the One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church, over and against the Roman Catholic Church of the time.
I believe their failure to launch on this position is evident. The premise of scholastically or 'spiritually' interpreted Scriptures as the key to finding out "the truth" of Christian doctrine, then synthesized into a denominational confession, has led to more interpretations, scholastics, spirits, and 'truths' than ever pre-exsited them. The denominations then have a choice. They can claim still to be the one True Church, in which case they're only a far smaller and ridiculously puny Catholicism based on a very select and temporal interpretation of scriptures, or they can give up any claim of singularity for a more 'broad church' appeal. But then their authenticity is brought into question. If you're not more or less right than the thousands of other people, how deep can your theology get? Why would people submit to a rigorous theology that does not claim to be better than the less demanding theologies around it? This choice, in our capitalist market, is self-assured decimation.
I cannot stomach the plurality that is Protestantism. It leads to a public conscience wherein the truth of religion is how well it meets the consumerist needs of its paying members. It multiplies words and ideas, each putting our newer, longer, and more convoluted pamphlets desperately trying to convince you to pay dues to their little branch of truth. There are so many books, takes, interpretations, and worship styles that even the more sympathetic onlooker has to conclude that this form of Christianity has Anarchy latent in its DNA.
Besdies, the Scriptures were supposed to be plain and obvious according to their original letter. That's the foundational presumption of the entire Protestant ethos. Scholarship has now shown, to my mind, that this is a baseline error according to the early Christian writers who first understood those same Scriptures to be holy writings and the common sense of rational people. If they're so easy we wouldn't have 235293590283042 different understandings, point blank. Also, we're finding more and more that this simply isn't the way the ancient writers understood the inspiration of scripture. It was a treasury of images used for well-understood metaphors, not a quarry of words from which a few diamonds of doctrine needs to be extracted and polished by gated professors.
Ultimately Protestantism, to my way of thinking, falls victim to St. Irenaeus' ultimate slam on the so-called Gnosticm heretics: The Gnostics were shown to be absurd and self-contradicting precisely by their multiplicity. Many teachers, each claiming to render teachings leading to Gnosis, or True Knowledge, each had different and competing views. They were localized, culture-specific, and impossibly varied whereas the One catholic Church was the same in all places, and even those who held the faith without the ability to read could understand the teachings of the most cosmopolitan and would reject the teachings of the various Gnostics and being senseless and not in accord with the preaching they received.
But as for my own part. I am, as some of you know, Orthodox. But I was not born into it. Thus, my choice was precisely one made among the Free Market of Ideas. I feel like the Iraqis who would use their newly found democracy to elect a theocrat. It's always been one of those dilemmas of being free - what to do when a free people freely choose to curtail freedom?
But in my own defense, I see my choice of Orthodoxy less in the sense of intellect and more in the realm of hope. I confess certain things because my faith depends on their truthfulness. Unable to ever again submit to the anarchy and ideological choosiness of the Christian world outside of Ortho/Catholic claims, I submit to the small bickerings and theological priorities of a faith I sometimes don't have a completely organic relationship to. I have learned to love the old liturgies, but it was no love at first sight. I will learn to chant and even be sincere in my appreciation for Greek and Russian hymnody, but they will probably never warm the cockles of my heart the way a high Anglican organ can do with
Let All Mortal Flesh Keep Silence or a Scottish bagpipe busting out a rendition of
Amazing Grace, or even a large Baptist choir bringing in the Fall season with
Come Ye Faithful People. I have come to understand the goods of Confessions and Mariology, but I was certainly not drawn by them, nor am I blind to their excesses. But I submit nontheless. Submission, and not choice, is ultimately how I must proceed. I am comforted that I cannot trust myself, and that I am not the arbiter of all truth. Submission has honed my understandings, and in its own way increased my effectiveness as an individual. I know that I stand in a line of thinkers not totally bound by my own day and time, with all of the pecularities and discomforts that come with that gift. I feel safe that if I am wrong, I am wrong by what was traditioned to me, which I believe that God has sympathy for, and not for the destruction cause by my own hubris.
Perhaps this is the "solace of the ancient faith, universally agreed upon." The peace that passes all understanding.